All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Spanish goats are considered to be the most adaptable, and their color and size varies. 2012, 103: 10-17. 1974, 54: 543-549. 1997, 10: 408-415. Does in Year 1 were approximately, alternative culling protocol of removal after first reproductive, curve over 6 years of production and for the stayability rate at each, year of possible presence in the herd. Kambing Burja, East Java, Indonesia from January 2012 to December 2015. Kiko goats are relatively large goats. Cheviot ewes had lower stayability rates than 3 other sheep breeds from 5 to 8 years of production [28]. tions and unsurpassed for reproductive output [8,43]. conditions for ewes [37] and dual-purpose does [38]. Columbia ewes had a higher stayability rate at, Merino ewes had a higher stayability rate at, compared with Dorper ewes [15]. Male Kiko goats can weigh up to 165 pounds. This breed arrived in the United States at around the same time when another breed named Boer had arrived and gained popularity. Genetic improvement of domestic animals through selection of the breeding stock, including small ruminants like goats, has been acknowledged as a powerful tool. Boer does had lower stayability rates (, protocols. Favourite. Survival and reproductive output in the replacement does as 2-yr-olds were recorded. productivity in Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and crossbred cows. Breeding stock, pack goat prospects, brush goats and meat. The Kiko is a breed of meat goat from New Zealand. Conversely, the 5-year total number of kids weaned for, Boer does was less than in the ewe studies. At the individual level, the survival curve function, the litter size function and the production traits function are combined. Incisor wear and loss in sheep has been accepted as an inevitable outcome of advancing age. Keywords: crossbreeding, fitness, meat goats. distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Economic evaluation of heterosis and culling policies for lifetime. Incisor wear and loss (“broken mouth”) are affected by stocking rate, soil ingestion, farm of origin, breed and gender of sheep, pasture type, internal parasites, mineral nutrition, supplementary feeding and age at first mating of ewes. Boer differ (P < 0.001) from Kiko and Spanish for the survival curve over 6 years of production and for the stayability rate at each year of possible presence in the herd. Despite current use of Boer, Kiko, and Spanish goats in crossbreeding program, the comparable value of these 3 breeds as contributors to crossbred doe performance and general fitness remains to be determined under controlled conditions. Kiko are somewhat similar to Spanish in that feral goats were used as the foundation of the Kiko composite breed. This years crop, averaging 60lbs. Reproductive failure represented 51% of doe exits under the alternative culling protocol. Longevity is positively relate, terprise income in sheep [4,31]. Twins, triplets, quads, and occasionally quints -- a couple of years ago, Boer Goat magazine had an article on a doe that had quintuplets with a combined birthweight of 50 pounds! Disease caused by gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes is arguably one of the most important health constraints affecting productivity in small ruminants. The length of the productive life in sheep is essentially determined by the state of their permanent incisors. Boer (n = 60), Kiko (n = 102), Spanish (n = 96), Boer-cross (n = 138) and Myotonic (n = 20) doelings were weaned at 3 months of age and classified by weaning litter type (single- or multiple-kid type), weaning weight ratio group (WWR; low, moderately low, moderately high, or high) and breed-type. The actual culling practice removed does after two failures to wean a kid. S Afr J Anim Sci. The solutions include effective teaching of goat and sheep science to next generation and empowering the public, supporting and pursuing innovative and translational research, preventing and treating diseases, facilitating technology transfer, and developing sound agribusinesses. Boer goats were introduced into the US in the early 1990’s. When you think of raising meat goats, you may picture the big, beefed up Boer goats. Bucks stayed in the herd sire battery for, one to five years. Kidding record were collected in CV. Goat kids were weaned at 3 months of age and had average body weight (BW) of 24.6 and 22.8 ± 1.34 … Females with short productive lives are costly in terms of lost production at peak performance ages, biological and economical costs associated with young replacements, medical treatments associated with subsequent illness culls, and lost salvage value in cases of death. The evidence suggests the mechanical shortening of incisors provides no benefits. Except for the lack of a breed difference in doe prolificacy, Boer does were generally inferior for each contributing trait as presented in this and previous reports [18, 20]. The relatively short herd life of Boer does is likely not conducive to recovering the costs associated with replacement doeling development and entry into the herd. ruminants under various management systems: a review. Better performance is achieved in traditional systems where breeding is uncontrolled than on research stations, although litter sizes generally appear to be larger on stations than in the traditional systems. For does weaning kids, litter size at weaning was greater (P = 0.01) for Spanish does (1.74 kids) than for Kiko (1.59 kids) and Boer does (1.47 kids). [2] studied similar culling strategies in beef cows. CAS  Every production trait is first modelled as an individual trait and thereafter as a trait in the herd using a herd dynamics model. 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.01.005. Does were bred to kid once a year in a traditional fall-breeding, spring-kidding scenario using a full 3-breed diallel-mating scheme. Survival estimates (± se) for doe breeds using actual culling protocol of removal after second reproductive failure. Boer Goats are raised in Southern Vermont. By weaning at 3 mo, the proportion of available does weaning at least 1 kid was less (P < 0.01) for Boer does (53%) than for Kiko (84%) and Spanish does (82%). 2011, 5: 347-355. Stayability is an indicator of longevity that measures the proportion of animals remaining productive to a fixed time endpoint [1]. - International Shipping via Air available from registered/ importers exporters. Reproductive and health traits among Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goat does under humid, subtropical pasture conditions of the southeastern United States. Read more information about this goat breed below. Seasonal temperature extremes are represented by average summer daytime highs of 32°C in July and winter nighttime lows averaging −2°C in January. 10.2527/jas.2010-2930. Longevity records of 978 Lori-Bakhtiari ewes were collected from a research flock at the Lori-Bakhtiari sheep breeding station during 1989 to 2006. We also have a list of Boer goat resources in […] In agreement with purebred sheep results, differences were evident among straightbred meat goat does for cumulative reproductive output at weaning. This functional herd dynamics model can aid in decision-making regarding culling under several situations especially when there is a wide fluctuation in prices at local markets. the carcass characteristics are superior to anything currently available here as far as meat goats are concerned. The foundation herd consisted of purchased does that entered the breeding program in 2004 and 2005. Background: Lack of any genetic progress over the year suggested that random breeding was employed without any scientific selection programme. Anthelmintic resistance is an important component of the losses attributable to parasitoses, unfortunately there is ample evidence that it is more common in goats than in other farmed ruminants. All straightbred doelin, retained and developed as herd replacement, Types C and D and tetanus during the fourth month of. Bucks were removed for health reasons or were replaced by new bucks that introduced new genetic line for increased genetic diversity. Most goat meat is imported to supply demand and U.S. producers don’t produce enough to keep up with a growing ethnic population. Unless otherwise indicated, references to ‘years’ in presenting stayability results of the current study generally refer to years of possible herd life and not doe age or project years. Kiko, Myotonic, and Spanish does had greater (P < 0.05) PCV than Boer does. [16] reported greater cumulative lamb numbers and weights over 4 years for Polypay compared with Coopworth straightbred ewes. Poor health was the primary driver of does exiting the herd. Reproductive failure represented 51% of doe exits under the alternative culling protocol. Kids suckled dams until weaned, at a contemporary group median age of approximat, 90 days. Exportations of Boer and Kiko goats have created an opportunity for goat producers internationally to introduce the germplasm of new meat breeds into their breeding programs. Even though Boer growth is slower than some other breeds (Kiko?) Does were vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens Types C and D and tetanus during the fourth month of gestation and dewormed at parturition in each year. RB was lead investigator in project design, herd management, and data, collection over the six-year evaluation study. Columbia ewes had a higher stayability rate at 5 years compared with Targhee ewes [29]. Spanish goats were the predominant type until the Boer was imported. Results: Cumulative kid, the survival and growth rates of kids throu, in culling protocol. Empirical data for a series of reproductive traits from a range of sources (National Agricultural Research Systems and individual studies) in different agro-ecological zones and under several systems of management are presented and discussed. Kiko and Spanish does supported, Wilson [36] by producing more offspring than reported. Longevity is positively related to enterprise income in sheep [4, 31]. The culling protocol during the study removed does from the herd after the second failure to wean a kid or of chronic illness. bated the already negative relative outcome of Boer does. Similar breed compari-, does had lower annual reproductive rates and higher an-, University research station along the Cumberland Rive, tion is in the humid, subtropical southeastern United, States and has an annual precipitation total, nual temperature is 15°C. Litter weights were not different between crossbred and straightbred does. from 2003 establishment year were not considered in, the current dataset and those does were treated as new. Some would call their appearance “fat”. The, Spanish goat is a landrace genotype that ha. Does kidded on pasture with access to shelter. Does in Year 1 were, failure shown under the alternative culling plan exacer-. The review investigates the use of permanent incisor wear and loss by farmers culling sheep from flocks, summarises investigations into incisor development, factors affecting incisor wear and loss, impacts on production and economics and practices designed to prolong incisor life and makes suggestions for future research. 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