It is noteworthy that between 2014-2016, IOM recorded an almost 600% increase in the number of potential sex trafficking victims arriving in Italy via the Mediterranean. • According to our preliminary research gleaned from hundreds of repatriating survivors of sex trafficking in Edo State, poverty remains the number one factor rendering women and girls vulnerable to sex trafficking. The individual is exposed to the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and infections, and, worst-case scenario, death. The countries where these young women and children are taken to begins to experience overpopulation, as the immigration rate increases. This stigma affects, adversely, their already depleting mental and emotional state, and worsens their psychological trauma. The general public is not left out as well. According to IOM, in July 2018, over 60,000 Nigerians remained trapped in Libya, with 50% of them hailing from Edo State. We also believe that the fight against sex trafficking requires an interdisciplinary approach that utilizes a combined human rights, cognitive/behavior restructuring and an economic development methodology. However, additional factors such as parental pressure, eroded mindset/values, cultural acceptance of prostitution, limited education and economic opportunities combine to render young women and girls vulnerable to being trafficked. The impact of human trafficking on victims and survivors varies depending on the type of trafficking and the specific situation. Impact Of Human Trafficking In Nigeria. In this article, we highlight the root causes of human trafficking in Nigeria. Human trafficking is a human right violation and every year; thousands of men, women and children are trafficked by those known to them and in their own communities too. The children suffer from lack of self-esteem, emotional disturbance, disorientation, and depressio… Root Causes of Child Trafficking in Nigeria. In Libya, migrants are held in detention camps, generally for several weeks to months, before they are placed in unseaworthy dinghies or boats on the Mediterranean Sea. google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9755093768544960"; Therefore, if Nigeria is to successfully combat human trafficking, the federal government must make Nigeria attractive again to its citizens. Stigmatization is another adverse effect of human trafficking. According to IOM, approximately 11,000 women arrived via the Mediterranean Sea into Italy in 2016, again mostly from Edo. The inhumane conditions that trafficked persons are subjected to leads to mental, emotional and psychological trauma. Human trafficking of Nigerian women to Italy began in the 1980s because of the demand for low skilled labour in agriculture and services. 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Many are returning to school, while others are small business owners; all are committed to changing their narratives from victim to survivor to Pathfinders advocate. Statistics for 2019 have yet to be released. Others who are victims of organ trafficking are murdered and never make it back to Nigeria. Also, trafficked persons may also be influenced by greed, and as such, would do anything to “make it” in life, even going as far as selling their bodies as sex workers in European countries. It is why individuals in underdeveloped areas are more prone to being trafficked. Women (and also children) are often viewed as objects that can be sold. Read Also: Armed kidnappers attack community, kill 2, kidnap 3. Of all the global victims, only 118,932 were identified (up from 85,613 in 2018). The Index maintains that modern day slavery is most prevalent in Africa (with 9.24 million slaves and an average vulnerability score of 62/100). As such, we are working to ensure that every young woman in Nigeria has access, i.e., an opportunity to live a life that is dignified and one that is graced with self determination; one where she is not robbed of agency. INTRODUCTION. (According to Italian authorities, there are between 10,000 to 30,000 Nigerian women working in prostitution on the streets of Italy.) Read Also: 5 security operations ongoing to deal with bandits, kidnappers: FG. But the ugly phenomenon still persists. Human trafficking in Nigeria has assumed unimaginable dimension in the last two decades due to several factors which include globalization, economic recession, poverty, conflicts, weak legal system, and lack of adequate legislation and of political will. Family members also driven by greed could influence the younger ones in the family, especially the young girls, to go outside the shores of the country and engage in illicit acts in order to make money. This paper presents the causes and consequences of the trafficking of women from Nigeria to America and Europe. 1.1 Background of the study. Based on current knowledge (Out, 2003), Nigeria is a major supplier, consumer and also a transit route for human trafficking. The harsh economic conditions in the country make some individuals jump at any opportunity to move to greener pastures, and human traffickers deceitfully provide these opportunities. (It is noteworthy that NAPTIP’s 2019 Report contradicts these figures, instead noting that it received 915 cases for investigation, completed 203 investigations, is devoid of the number of prosecuted cases and convicted 25 persons following a total of 18 convictions.) Your email address will not be published. IMPACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIAN STATE. There have been several cases of traffickers losing their life to this act. 1.1 Background of the study. Human trafficking is an organised crime. In Africa, a total of 955 prosecutions (down from 1,253 in 2018) and 2,112 convictions (up from 1,190 in 2018) were generated in 2019. Lack of adequate legislation and of political will and commitment to enforce existing legislation or mandates are other factors that facilitate trafficking in persons. According to ILO report, an estimated number of 5.5 Million children are trafficked around the world and the rate of trafficking keeps increasing as children are trafficked for sexual exploitation, forced labour, benefit fraud, criminal activities, and many more. IOM estimates that 80% of these young women arriving from Nigeria – whose numbers have soared from 1,454 in 2014 to 11,009 in 2016 – will likely be forced into prostitution as sex trafficking victims. Also, in 2014, a recent report on human trafficking revealed that over  170,  000  arrived in Italy by sea in that year alone, and the numbers continue to increase sporadically. (2015). According to statistics by the U.S. Department of State, globally, 2 million children are trafficked into the sex trade each year. It ties with the illegal arms trade as the second largest, after the drug-trade in terms of revenue generation for the perpetrators with an estimated income of … Most rescued victims from NAPTIP’s 2019 Report remain from Edo State, with Imo and Delta States following. UNHCR statistics indicate that in 2018, the number of Nigerian arrivals by sea and land into Europe continued to decline (1,250 arrived in Italy- 5% of total arrivals). There are also adverse effects on the population of the countries involved. Among the root causes of human trafficking in Nigeria, we mention poverty, lack of education, globalization, corruption and gender inequality. Majority of these men, sometimes, refuse to use protection on these women and girls, and this carelessness results in STDs and STIs. Here you will see the meaning of Human trafficking, notable cases, causes, effects and possible solutions to the menace. Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation/slavery, forced labour, forced marriage, rituals, etcetera. (It is noteworthy that the UNODC’s January 7, 2019 Report now estimates the number of children in slavery at almost 1/3 of all global victims.) The statement of this problem is to know what causes human trafficking in Nigeria one also to know their effect of human trafficking in Oredo Local Government Area to provide a suitable recommendation on the causes and effect of human trafficking in Nigeria in order to improve the standard of our economy and the people in the country. Per the latest Global Slavery Index (2018) Report, Nigeria ranks 32/167 of the countries with the highest number of slaves – 1,386,000 – and its National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) reports that the average age of trafficked children in Nigeria, recently downgraded to a Tier 2 Watch country on the U.S. State Department’s Trafficking In Persons Report (2020), is 15. Fighting the menace requires a coordinated and concerted push from all stakeholders. However, the difference between the two, is those who are sexually trafficked are subjected to the same, constant injuries due to continuous prostitution for example. The ideas expressed on this site are solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the opinions of anyone else. Men, women and children, anyone can become its victim. domestic servitude. H 2: human trafficking does have a significant effect on the economic growth of Nigeria. Worldwide, human trafficking is a canker that eats into the fabrics of every nation and impedes its development. Root causes of Human trafficking contd. 1&2, 104-117. That restoration requires government engagement, empowered communities and access for individuals. (On average, each survivor we partner with has ensured sexual slavery for 3-5 years, having been forced into prostitution an average of 4,000 times.) CHILD TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND REMEDIES . Trafficking of children is synonymous with exploitation child labour. Root causes of Human trafficking contd. First, and most important, is the development of the country by the federal government in terms of infrastructure, job creation, and poverty alleviation. Again, Nigerians were not within the top 10 nationalities of those registered with IOM in Libya, the country which many experts have considered the unsafe migration gateway into Europe (particularly from Sub-Saharan Africa) in recent years. As a result, we at Pathfinders have successfully developed a trafficking profile based on 12 factors that establish our vulnerability criteria for potential female victims aged 15-25 years. There are different forms of human trafficking in Nigeria. Human trafficking has harsh adverse effects on the population growth of European countries where trafficked persons are taken to. However, despite the commendable efforts taken to prevent human trafficking, more still has to be done to intensify the battle against the menace. Traffickers prey on others weaknesses, unfortunate circumstances, unfamiliarity, and inexperience. IMPACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA - Prior to the abolition of slave trade and slavery in the early 19th century, human beings were sold as commodities to merchants by kings and warriors in exchange for goods. It is noteworthy that since the Oba of Benin’s pronouncement, the introduction of the Edo State law and the Task Force’s efforts, international donor efforts targeting the reduction of trafficking in Edo State and the European Union’s  (EU) externalization policies of border control and accompanying legislative wall, traffickers are pushing the trade underground and/or recruiting naive victims from other States, including Kogi, Ondo, Bayelsa and Calabar. The general factors that increase vulnerability to trafficking in Nigeria include extreme poverty (now the world’s poverty capital), corruption, conflict, climate change/resulting migration and western consumerism. according to the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), Nigeria was said to be one of the leading African countries as regards trafficking in persons, both within and outside its borders. September 10, 2020 • Human trafficking, a form of modern day slavery, involves the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain and is a $150 billion global industry. Impact Of Human Trafficking In Nigeria. The team comprises professionals and Consultants from different fields of human endeavour. Human trafficking in Nigeria has assumed unimaginable dimension in the last two decades due to several factors which include globalization, economic recession, poverty, conflicts, weak legal system, and lack of adequate legislation and of political will. NAPTIP further contends that 75% of those who are trafficked within Nigeria are trafficked across states, while 23% are trafficked within states. Causes and Consequences of Transnational Human Trafficking in West Africa The causes of transnational human trafficking in West Africa are multiple. Women and girls represented 84% of the 15.4 million people in forced marriages, and 59% of those in private forced labour (8.7 Alliance 2017 Report). Your email address will not be published. In fact, a 2003 United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute Report concluded that “virtually every Benin family has one member or the other involved in trafficking either as a victim, sponsor, madam or trafficker.”  The souls and bodies of survivors are turned into commodities for financial gain while the survivors themselves are held in debt bondage, severely abused (often gang raped and physically assaulted), starved, tortured or infected with various sexually transmitted diseases before being deported back to Nigeria. No individual likes to live in harsh living conditions, where his basic needs cannot be met, and so any promise of a better life is quickly grabbed with both hands. Human trafficking This article is useful to curious learners, students, researchers, and policymakers. Citizens are attracted out of their home country because of a lack of opportunities, opportunities that present themselves elsewhere. Human trafficking is a terrible menace to a nation and must be snuffed out quickly. Organ trafficking has been on the rise in Libya. • Human trafficking, a form of modern day slavery, involves the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain and is a $150 billion global industry. Most traffickers recruit their victims between the ages of 6 to 24, because a young victim will easily succumb to force and give in. The UN’s International Organization for Migration (IOM) further reports that as of January 31, 2020, there were 47,079 registered refugees and asylum-seekers in Libya. In addition, according to NAPTIP, 38.9% of all convictions in 2019 related to the procurement of persons for sexual exploitation, with 22.2% of convictions relating to foreign travel which promotes prostitution. Consequences of human trafficking The victims of trafficking are exploited and abused, suffer from different infection contaminations and diseases (more often sexually transmitted diseases such as Hepatitis, Syphilis, and HIV), physical and psycho injuries, and even death. The crime is as profitable as trafficking in arms and ammunitions and is the second most profitable criminal network to that of drug trafficking; with annual earnings of approximately US 32 Billion dollars (US State Dept). The Initiative is being implemented in 14 African countries, including Nigeria, where as of September 2019, close to 12,000 migrants have been voluntarily repatriated (mostly from Niger and Libya). Traffickers trade on human lives, subject them to gory and traumatic experiences in order to … THE EFFECTS OF CHILD AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA, Largest Undergraduate Projects Repository, Research Works and Materials. Download Undergraduate Projects Topics and Materials Accounting, Economics, Education Human trafficking has negative effects on Nigeria’s image and has necessitated the establishment of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) by federal government, and in collaboration with some organizations to stem the tide. Background on the Crisis of Human Trafficking in Nigeria. Human trafficking poses detrimental economic and social consequences in Nigeria. According to the United Nations, the smuggling route from East, North and West Africa to Europe is said to generate $150 million in annual profits ( $35 billion globally). • There are more readily available statistics on the numbers of women who are trafficked from Nigeria into Europe, particularly into Italy. Eventually, they’re trafficked to European countries and face harsher conditions than they did in their own countries. The law's prescribed penalties of five years' imprisonment and/or a $670 fine for labor trafficking, 10 years' imprisonment for trafficking of children for forced begging or hawking, and 10 years to life imprisonment for sex trafficking are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. trafficking especially as it concerns women and children trafficking. According to IOM, there are approximately 356,000 IDPs  (as of November 2019) and 636,000 refugees and migrants in Libya (as of January 2020), the country from which a large percentage of migrants attempt the journey into Europe. Supra. 90% of migrant women arriving into Italy from Libya arrive with bruises and other signs of violence. Recently, in 2017, the U.S. State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons placed the country in “Tier 2 Watchlist.” Also. Globally, in 2019, there were only a total of 11,841 prosecutions (down from 11,096 in 2018) and 9,548 convictions (up from 7,481 in 2018). See 2020 U.S. State Department Trafficking In Persons Report. Fighting the menace requires a coordinated and concerted push from all stakeholders. Globalization allows traffickers … Unemployment and a lack of job opportunities, like poverty, can quickly lead one into the deceptive hands of human traffickers. Also, in most nations ridden by insurgency and terrorism like Nigeria, terrorist groups might abduct women and children during raids and attacks, and these women and children are subjected to inhumane jobs in terrorist camps like sex slavery, and could sometimes be commercially sold to other human traffickers. Also, children from other West African nations like Togo, Ghana, and the Benin Republic are brought to Nigeria and forced to work tedious jobs in inhumane conditions. Lack of formal education and exposure sometimes makes individuals easily susceptible to the deceit of human traffickers. • At Pathfinders, our theory of change is that trafficking ends when human dignity is restored. Required fields are marked *. While, boys are taken for the purpose of begging, mining, and domestic servitude. Underdeveloped countries, mainly third world countries like Nigeria, are more prone to trafficking in person’s because the lack of development and infrastructure leads their citizens to seek greener pastures elsewhere, and so, they’ll easily fall prey to human traffickers. They are forced into heavy physical labor in hazardous environment. google_ad_width = 300; Of the over 70,000 African victims of women trafficking, Nigerian women account for 70 percent of those trafficked to Italy alone. Let us know. The content on the InfoGuide Nigeria is provided as general information only. Any action taken as a result of information, analysis, or advertisement on this site is ultimately the responsibility of the reader. Human trafficking gangs Nigerian have sent thousands of women into the sex market within Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. Our aim is to provide daily living guide for Nigerians and her friends. There are also adverse effects … They identify a void and offer to fill it. According to the US State Department’s 2020 TIP Report, NAPTIP received 943 cases for investigation, completed 210 investigations, prosecuted at least 64 suspects in 64 cases, and convicted 27 traffickers, compared with receiving 938 cases for investigation, completing 192 investigations, 64 prosecutions, and 43 convictions in the previous reporting period. A more recent December 2018 UN Report notes narratives by Nigerian migrants of unlawful killings, gang rape, prostitution, arbitrary detention, torture and inhumane treatment, unpaid wages, slavery, human trafficking, racism and xenophobia in Libya.) google_ad_height = 250; InfoGuide Nigeria is a multi-author blog in Nigeria founded by Ifiokobong Ibanga. IMPACT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIAN STATE. The average woman trafficked for forced sexual servitude/exploitation generates $100,000 in annual profits (anywhere from 100% to 1,000% return on investment) (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)). Most people are unaware of the harsh conditions that trafficked persons are subjected to, and so, quickly agree to the terms of human traffickers. Since then, Nigerian  arrivals have continued to decline. In August 2017, the current Edo State Governor, Mr. Godwin Obaseki, launched the Edo State Task Force Against Human Trafficking to fight the scourge of human trafficking and unsafe migration in the State. Delta State has since followed suit, creating its own anti-trafficking Task Force in April 2019. CHAPTER ONE. Of the over 70,000 African victims of women trafficking, Nigerian women account for 70 percent of those trafficked to Italy alone. European nations, like Spain and Italy, are the major target of those fleeing the nation, and recently, it was discovered that Italy has the highest population of Nigerian’s victimized by human trafficking, with over 20,000 women and girls found to be prostituting on the streets of Italy. Read Also: Head of Buhari’s Daura district kidnapped. (In general, 83.5% of all Nigerians interviewed in 2017 reported to have suffered from physical violence of any kind during the journey, most often in Libya. Codification of the Task Force to investigate and prosecute trafficking cases in Edo (total of 38 investigations and 22 pending prosecutions in 2019- down from 56 investigations and 20 prosecutions in 2018), following an allocation of N242 million by the state government) occurred on May 23, 2018 when Governor Obaseki signed into law the Edo State Trafficking in Persons Prohibition Bill (2018) in Abuja. Also, in 2015, Develop a center for Africa development partnered with NAPTIP to educate over 5000 women, teenagers, educators and youths on how to prevent trafficking in persons. Appropriate agencies should also put in considerable effort to combat the threat. Trafficking in Nigeria using Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State as a case study. In this post, we discuss Human trafficking in Nigeria. It also discusses the effects of women and children trafficking on the victims of human trafficking and the society at large. The effects of human trafficking … Impact of Human Trafficking on Victims and Survivors. According to Mr. Uhomoibhi, 27,000 of these migrants died en route. Human trafficking is the fastest-growing form of slavery. Anthropologica. When a person doesn’t know better, it is quite easy to deceive such a person. Nigeria: Human Trafficking Factsheet. It is estimated that over 15 million Nigerians leave outside the country for the purpose of education, jobs, as well as other illicit activities like commercial sex work. Read Also: 5 traffic robbery suspects in police net. the traffickers. • In December 2016, the EU and IOM developed the Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Re-integration in Africa to address the challenges of unsafe migration. The trafficking of illicit drugs poses a major risk to the life of the trafficker. But for the purpose of synthesis, we would like to organize our ideas around, on the one hand, the socio-economic causes and consequences and, on the other hand, the politico-institutional causes and Traffickers are trained to identify vulnerability and use expert manipulation tactics to persuade and control their victims. Also, the Federal government should put in an extra intensive effort to ensure the return and rehabilitation of person’s that have been forced outside the country through the illegal activities of human traffickers. One of the main causes of human trafficking in Nigeria is the complete disregard for human rights. Human trafficking is one of the fastest-growing activities of transnational criminal organizations. • Estimates released by the Global Slavery Index in July 2018 indicate that there are 40.3 million victims of modern slavery worldwide, 71% of whom are women and girls and 25% of which are children. In conclusion, having stated the reasons and consequences of human trafficking, it is deemed as an unacceptable act and must be stopped. 5 security operations ongoing to deal with bandits, kidnappers: FG, Head of Buhari’s Daura district kidnapped, Armed kidnappers attack community, kill 2, kidnap 3, Nigeria, Niger to work together to stamp out human trafficking. This study identifies the major causes of child trafficking that stand as a bottleneck in Nigeria. Women and girls forced to engage in illicit sexual activities suffer from low self-esteem because of the activities they’re made to carry out, and their mental health becomes affected as a result. 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