A method that depends on such a high level of synchronization accuracy would significantly increase the cost of the solution, especially when synchronization to the base stations is distributed over the network. New network architectures imply new approaches to addressing the various synchronization needs. Two PTP profiles have been defined for the use of PTP in telecom – G.8275.1 (PTP with full timing support from the network) and G.8275.2 (PTP with partial timing support from the network) [8]. Accurate and reliable synchronization has long been a fundamental prerequisite for the correct operation of telecommunications networks. These segments are Massive IoT, Broadband IoT, Critical IoT and Industrial Automation IoT. The adoption of cloud-native technology and the new 5G Core architecture will impact other parts of the core network as infrastructure, voice services, automation and orchestration, operations and management and security. The purpose of the G.8275.1 profile is to meet the highest accuracy, which requires the implementation of an IEEE 1588 telecom boundary clock or telecom transparent clock in every node in the timing distribution network. 5G makes it possible to serve several applications that have previously been supported either by wireline or by non-standard radio technologies, such as Critical Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Automation IoT services [1] for which time synchronization is fundamental. in applied physics and electrical engineering from the Linköping Institute of Technology, Sweden. The new 5GC architecture called as Service-Based Architecture (SBA), is built using IT network principles and cloud native technology. In early 2018 Ericsson has launched the industry’s first 5G NR-capable ra-dio, called Ericsson AIR 6468. The two main RAN-based solutions are GNSS-based synchronization and over-the-air synchronization (OAS). TDD cells operating at the same frequency (or adjacent frequencies) in overlapping coverage areas require time domain isolation to prevent base-station-to-base- station and UE-to-UE radio frequency (RF) interference. OAS is based on round-trip time measurement similar to PTP, with the advantage that the asymmetries are generally small over the air, making it possible to achieve good time alignment. This can be done by simply setting API parameters as opposed to running complex network integration projects, allowing for multiple network operations towards IoT devices previously considered impossible or too expensive. As shown in Figure 4, a fairly typical 5G mobile network can combine methods like GNSS and OAS at base station sites, time and frequency distribution via the transport network, and redundancy and holdover functions in the nodes. It is the ‘business end’ of mobile broadband and IoT networks. Therefore, the architecture is separated into functional … Here, Ericsson´s 5G platform plays an instrumental role, in helping you build a better 5G network in a better way. Depending on the required positioning accuracy, these may not always result in cost-efficient solutions. It is integrated with Ericsson Packet Core Gateway in Ericsson’s dual-mode 5G Core offering and addresses security use cases for core network deployments in mobile broadband and IoT segments. An efficient synchronization solution that addresses all relevant scenarios requires the support of a toolbox of synchronization methods that are implemented in the RAN domain (GNSS and OAS), the transport domain (such as PTP), or both. The network evolution from EPC to 5G core plays a central role in creating a powerful network platform, capable of being exposed and automated, for service providers to extract more value and become contributors in existing and emerging ecosystems.However, the journey to a full 5G Core will imply a technology shift with the adoption of the new 3GPP defined service-based architecture (SBA) and network functions built on cloud native technology. Learn our smooth and step-wise migration alternatives to 5G Core. Ericsson's core network and automation solutions provide the capability and flexibility to meet new services, business models & use cases around 5G & IoT. Pioneering customers select us as their 5G partner and we are first with commercial live networks in four continents. In 3GPP TS 38.104 [10], the TAE ranges between 65ns to 260ns depending on the feature and on the CP duration but is only valid for colocated/ intra-site deployments where ∆Tprop~0. Network synchronization is key to optimal radio network performance. . Ericsson Packet Core, are currently looking for a software developer to strengthen our team and community in one of Ericsson's industry-leading product that is a part of Product Development Group (PDG-Mobility). Synchronization requirements related to communication over the radio interface can be divided into two categories: TDD cell phase synchronization (Tsync) and communication features based on coordinated transmission or reception from multiple Transmission Reception Points (TRxPs). The need for synchronization in the RAN has grown as new radio technologies and network architectures emerge to boost efficiency and support demanding 5G use cases. Operators use Ericsson products to migrate from 2G to 3G and, most recently, to 4G networks. He holds an M. Sc. The split option is denominated as 7-2x and it is an intra-PHY split – that is, some parts of the 3GPP PHY layer are implemented in the DU and others in the RU [9]. This is because the reduced transient times in NR made it possible to keep the same synchronization requirement with low overhead. He also contributes actively to ITU-T SG15 Q13 and IEEE 1588. The authors would like to thank Jonas Edstam, Anders Höglund, Mats Höglund, Gábor Kovács and Mårten Wahlström for their contributions to this article. However, during technology shifts and business transformations it becomes crucial. This prevents interference between different networks using adjacent frequency bands or between national borders, because it enables the phase alignment of the radio frames generated by different networks with overlapping areas. He is an expert at Ericsson Research working on synchronization and transport solutions. Verizon and Sprint share what comes next on their core network transition from 4G to 5G. However, to unlock 5G’s full potential NR standalone (SA) and 5G Core (5GC) is needed. The synchronization aspects of fronthaul networks are also addressed by the O-RAN Alliance. Ericsson is the market leader in terms of 5G live networks across 5 continents. Figure 3: Synchronization for coordinated transmission/reception. The higher accuracy of GNSS compared with other synchronization sources allows for comparatively longer holdover periods. Explore all of these different areas, that will form the foundation of your cloud-native core network for 5G, and learn what you need to do to prepare them to release 5G’s full potential in your network. Ericsson's 5G radio prototype, which provides 5G wireless network access, has been widely deployed for real-world testing in the U.S., South Korea, Japan, … Proper network synchronization is a prerequisite to excellent radio network performance. The path delay estimation assumes that the delay of the two transmission directions is symmetric. There are no specific synchronization requirements for the CU. He has worked with timing and synchronization in the RAN area for 12 years, with a special focus on packet-based methods (PTP and NTP). History Foundation. For example, 1m corresponds to a synchronization accuracy of around 3ns, which is orders of magnitude more stringent than other radio network synchronization requirements. 5G devices will likely be introduced towards the end of 2018. The two main types of synchronization requirements that are relevant for 5G networks are those that depend on the radio network operation and those that depend on the supported services (application-driven requirements). Spanish operator Telefonica’s 5G network already reaches 80% of the country’s population, local press reported. When the 5G experience is everything, it’s crucial to deliver on customer expectations from day one. While there is no change to fundamental synchronization requirements in the move from 4G to 5G, wider use of TDD radio technology and growing demand for new network architectures that support demanding 5G use cases have made the need for … After first joining Ericsson in 1997 to … This paper presents a clear evolution plan for addressing all 5G-IoT use cases, from basic to the most complex, in a cost-efficient, smooth and future-proof way. Read our guide Building a new world - evolving from EPC to 5G Core. Figure 4: Recommended synchronization solutions. the deviation in frame start timing between cells must be below a maximum value specified as cell phase synchronization accuracy in the 3GPP. Start the core network transformation journey for 5G with Ericsson and get ready for future … The RANs use different sources, often in combination, to provide synchronization characteristics to match the network use case and services delivered. Thanks to our dual-mode core solution - and its embedded API management module - both 4G and 5G core network APIs can be combined into customized service APIs to be exposed to partners and application functions in a controlled and secure way. Finding the right balance between timing accuracy, availability and cost is key to making services successful. Nokia has announced that its Smart Node portfolio of All-in-One base stations for 5G indoor use will be based on chipsets from powered by Qualcomm Technologies Inc. The challenge Increase the port capacity and safety with The recommended solution is to relay timing transparently across the 5G network, where the delay of the TSN-time messages through the 5G network is measured and compensated. The basic concept is to distribute time synchronization from the PTP “grandmaster” to the leaf PTP clocks, using PTP messages. Ericsson and BT to deliver dual-mode services using '5G Core' | … Even if features in this category can be served from distributed TRxPs (where generally ∆Tprop≠ 0) – that is, not being restricted to a colocated/inter-site deployment scenario – it would be difficult to specify and mandate a single fixed TAE. Industrial automation is just one example of a use case that requires accurate timing and is likely to generate additional synchronization requirements in the near future. Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21 Technology used 4G/5G, IoT, Augmented Reality Expected or delivered results Enable, through a 5G network planned to operate in the port of Livorno area, augmented reality applications for improving efficiency and safety in goods handling in the port area. Total cost of ownership (TCO) is always a hot topic. These features and related timing requirements are applicable within a single operator network, and as a result, control of relative time error between antennas used by the feature is sufficient. We have compiled a comprehensive toolbox of synchronization techniques that can be used to provide appropriate frequency synchronization and time alignment of the radio network with minimal disruption. TLS and IPsec, on all interfaces, vendor credentials, HW rooted trust anchors for trusted boot, and signed software to ensure that only software provided by Ericsson can execute on the platform. joined Ericsson in 1997 and currently serves as a system developer. The 3GPP technical specification TS 23.501 [4] presents an architecture and methods that enable the successful integration of a 5G network into a TSN synchronization network. TDD radio frames inherently require time and phase alignment between radio base stations, to prevent interferences and related loss of traffic. In 3GPP New Radio (NR), cell phase synchronization is specified as 3µs [2] – that is, the same as for LTE. UTC traceability does not imply that UTC time is recovered or that leap seconds are used; in fact, the 3GPP also requires the use of continuous time without leap seconds. MRTD as a fraction of a cyclic prefix (CP). Although the fundamental synchronization requirements have not become more stringent in 5G, the need for time synchronization has become much more critical. 5G wireless access provides wireless connectivity for a wide range of new applications and use cases. Its importance has grown in 4G, and it will be more important than ever in 5G and future networks. Examples include time-sensitive networks (TSNs), smart grid applications and the UE device-positioning use case. Ericsson is a technology leader in 5G. Countless devices and services will also use 5G such as self-driving cars, remote surgery and other innovations as well. Ericsson’s dual-mode 5G Core is built on cloud-native, microservices-based technology and combines Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and 5G Core (5GC) network functions into a common multi-access and cloud-native platform that supports 5G and as well as previous generations for optimized footprint and TCO efficiency. This includes multiple operators in both the US and South Korea, as well as in Switzerland, Australia and UAE. Download your guide to building a cloud native 5G Core. 5G New Radio introduces a new type of wireless backhaul known as integrated access and backhaul that is of particular interest for dense deployment of street-level radio nodes. We use Cloud Native technologies and tools to develop our 4G and 5G products on a container-based micro-service architecture. 5G will be offered through 5G towers but not only. Knowledge of Transmission servers (M2000, SoEM) & switches. RANs are designed to optimize service performance and reliability, and synchronization is a vital enabler. The strict MRTD, and thereby TAE, relates to features using the same frequencies (like MIMO (multiple-input, multiple-output)) or at adjacent spectrum (like contiguous carrier aggregation) where common or shared functions in the RF chain could cause strict timing dependencies. Time synchronization is also required in FDD networks when different radio coordination features are used. Ericsson estimates the number of subscriptions reaching one billion by the end of 2023. He holds an M.Sc. In this context, over-the-air synchronization (OAS) is a powerful tool. The solution also includes services exposure capabilities to explore new business opportunities in the industry and in-build software probes and an integrated firewall to increase 5G network security. It enables CSPs to: What can Ericsson dual-mode 5G Core do for you? has worked with timing and synchronization distribution within the RAN base station and with air transmission accuracy for 20 years. Guard periods are used for isolation with a configurable total guard time expressed as an integer number of symbols. Frequency synchronization based on packet protocols like Network Time Protocol (NTP) or PTP using the G.8265.1 profile (in a PTP-unaware network) has proven to be the most cost-efficient solution in LTE-FDD networks, where frequency synchronization alone was often sufficient. The requirement on cell phase synchronization is ultimately specified in terms of maximum deviation in relation to a common absolute timing requirement and dividing the requirement by half (±1.5µs, for example). Johansson holds an M.Sc. Here's what you need to know, Introduce 5G quickly and effectively while protecting existing services, Have a controlled and smooth migration to 5G aligned to business needs, Address new segments with flexibility and agility, Reduce cost and increase performance with cloud native design, Quickly introduce new functionality and do maintenance updates, Manage traffic growth with CAPEX efficiency, Reduce OPEX and operational inefficiencies, Deployment flexibility and a smooth evolution to 5G, Reduce OPEX in software updates and upgrades with CI/CD. The network evolution from EPC to 5G Core plays a central role in creating a powerful programmable network platform for 5G, capable of being exposed and automated, for service providers to extract more value and become contributors in existing and emerging ecosystems. With the advent of 5G, several experts in the industry got together to define how the core network should evolve to support the needs of 5G New Radio (NR) and the advanced use cases to be enabled by it. Ericsson's 5G radio network products build further on proven 4G platforms which, today, offer state-of-the art security functions such as support for secure protocols, e.g. TSNs in industrial applications generally require the distribution of time synchronization to the industrial subnetworks used for functionality such as robot control or autonomous vehicles. Most of the relevant synchronization requirements are defined by the 3GPP. To limit the effects of asymmetry and packet delay variation that could be created by the network nodes (switches and routers, for example), IEEE 1588 has specified the “boundary clock” and “transparent clock” functions with event message timestamping in the hardware layer. Ruffini holds a M.Sc. Why do you need a 5G Core network and 5G NR Standalone? . Almost every industry can be transformed with cellular IoT. Ericsson ERIC recently inked a deal for an undisclosed amount with China Telecom and China Unicom to offer core products and solutions for 5G … Figure 1 provides some examples of synchronization in new network scenarios. This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the main categories of 5G synchronization requirements and presents a toolbox of solutions for all relevant scenarios, the most challenging of which can often be addressed within the RAN domain. 3GPP-defined asynchronous dual connectivity without TAE requirements and ∆Tprop restrictions is an example of a feature with no timing requirement. Moreover, the time error can be better estimated during holdover, making it possible to take consequent actions per service (TDD, for example). Network synchronization is key to optimal radio network performance. Another important aspect of the PTP network planning is time error budget planning, which depends on the dimension of the network and the accuracy of the PTP-aware network elements. In short, 5GC is a fundamental piece of the 5G network to: What are the key characteristics and benefits from 5G Core (5GC) and New Radio (NR) standalone? In cases where the TDD-unicast area is not isolated, the 3GPP has specified that traceability to a standard timing reference (UTC) is required [3]. Ericsson ERIC recently announced that its 5G Radio Access Network and Core products and solutions are driving Orange Spain’s 5G services in Madrid and Barcelona. There are two requirements for time domain isolation: For TDD synchronicity and interference, the critical points are when switching between transmission and reception, as shown in Figure 2. Industrial automation scenarios often involve multiple timing domains. Examples of these capabilities include very high data rates, spectral efficiency and mobility requirements, ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability, and very low device cost and energy consumption. Possible future regulations of national authorities may also be relevant. One promising method for time alignment of the radio network is to use information over the NR air interface. Operational Knowledge of Multi-Vendor transmission Nodes - Ericsson / Nokia / Huawei / Ceragon Telecom equipment. It … … This is particularly relevant for cases that require GNSS redundancy (to protect against jamming or spoofing events, for example), where the distribution of timing over the transport network as a complement to a local GNSS receiver should be considered. In these cases, it should only be used as an assisting reference in APTS mode for GNSS. The time and frequency synchronization distribution can be achieved using a combination of PTP and synchronous Ethernet. Also, cars will use 5G technology for different services. Discover more on how our software approach will help you stay competitive. GNSS satellites visibility is important for proper operation. The Future Network Architecture needs to provide for a lot of various types of functionality and at the same time it is required to be able to deploy that functionality in different physical locations. In many cases, a combination of techniques in both domains will be required to create a robust and reliable solution. When 5G is used to support smart grid applications, the 3GPP synchronization architecture [4] can be used to support the distribution of timing to the synchro-phasors that in this way can measure the phase relationships in the AC power distribution network. Ericsson is a technology leader in 5G. This message exchange enables the distribution of the time from the PTP grandmaster and estimates the path delay. Ericsson Addendum: According to Ericsson’s latest Mobility Report, published earlier this week, global 5G subscriptions will exceed 2.6bn within the next six years and by that time Ericsson predicts that 5G will cover 65 percent of the world.It also believes that total mobile subscriptions, including to previous generation networks, will reach 8.9bn from 8bn over the next six years. It means that unless carriers install nodes in every lane, street, and neighbourhood, ... Nokia, Ericsson, Samsung, and ZTE sell 5G network chips to carriers to build base stations and carrier nodes. This includes multiple operators in both the US and South Korea, as well as in Switzerland, Australia and UAE. Ericsson leads the implementation of 5G worldwide, partly through the use of massive MIMO technology. The baseband function in a base station is split into two logical units: a CU hosting the higher-layer protocols and a DU handling the lower layers to the user equipment (UE). Redundancy is achieved through a PTP network that is fed from geographically redundant T-GMs and distributes timing over the same physically redundant topologies that are used for user traffic. To decrease overheads, the emphasis is on striving to keep the guard periods short, while still catering for the desired effects. Pioneering customers select us as their 5G partner and we are first with commercial live networks in four continents. Short disruptions due to interference and blocking are common, but the negative impact can be avoided or limited by the base station’s holdover using the local oscillator – up to a few hours for a TDD base station, for example. Get to the core of 5G – a cloud native dual-mode 5G Core that combines EPC and 5GC network functions into a common cloud native platform for efficient TCO and smooth migration to 5G. Ericsson ERIC has secured a five-year 5G core deal from WIND Hellas, covering both the standalone and non-standalone modes of the technology. Several CSPs have partnered with us. Some relate to combining spectrum assets, thereby allowing total higher aggregated bandwidth and throughput (carrier aggregation, dual connectivity and so on), while others relate to improving link performance at the cell edge (variants of coordinated multi-point operation, for example). Ericsson's 5G New Radio RAN is an integral component of its 5G platform and includes software support for shift from LTE (a 4G mobile communications … To meet the TDD “relative” synchronization requirement that cell phase synchronization must be better than 3µs, the accuracy of the time synchronization reference at the input to the base station must always be better than ±1.1µs when measured against a standard time reference. This means that a PTP-based solution can also fulfill this requirement. In this new architecture each Network Function (NF) offers one or more services to other NFs via Application Programming Interfaces (API). 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